Here are the relevant links for this episode:Budget 2022 News Release: City Council confirms 2022 budget Edmonton Police Service budget increase for 2022 cut to $1M, capital budget finalized Edmonton city council sets 1.91 per cent tax levy increase for next year in approving $3.1-billion 2022 operating budget Mack's budget tweets Budget documents Police Budget EPS promising to 'protect the jobs' of officers after 2022 budget increase is slashed EPS Funding Formula July 2020 motion Fall 2020 SOBA Coun. Aaron Paquette's subsequent motion Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we highlighted Park Power, your friendly, local utilities provider in Alberta. You can reach out for a no obligation comparison by emailing estimates@parkpower.ca and if you decide to switch, it's easy. We also talked about The Future Of, a podcast from ATB Financial that recently launched its third season.Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

Speaking Municipally

Twas the week after budget

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Don Iveson (Edmonton) Wikipedia @doniveson LinkedIn Tara Veer (Red Deer) Wikipedia @TaraVeer LinkedIn Naheed Nenshi (Calgary) Wikipedia @nenshi LinkedIn Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we highlighted the Alberta Association of Optometrists, which represents almost 800 Doctors of Optometry in over eighty communities across the province. They want to remind Albertans to call their optometrist first for urgent eye care when they need it. We also talked about The Well Endowed Podcast from the Edmonton Community Foundation. Episode 109 explores the effects of intersectionality on making ends meet in Edmonton.Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

Their Formers Worship play Jeopardy 2021

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Oilers valueEdmonton Oilers now worth more than a billion dollars, Calgary Flames $680M: ForbesReservation depositRGE RD first in Edmonton to require deposits for reservationsOutdoor rinksPSA - City opening outdoor rinks for the seasonPolice budget 'Edmonton has a crime problem': Edmonton Police chief says police budget cuts could affect community safety 'We've taken too many hits:' Edmonton police advocating against further budget cuts to maintain current service levels Edmonton Police Service tweet Mack's tweet Another tweet from Mack Bike lanes Concrete barriers in bike lanes in Garneau, Edmonton cause confusion Budget 2021: We need action on active transportation - Michael Janz Traffic safety News Release: Female pedestrian succumbs to injuries after being struck by SUV on Jasper Avenue Charges laid after woman hit in crosswalk by ETS bus in downtown Edmonton Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we highlighted the Edmonton Community Foundation, "which acts as a bridge between donors and charities to create a strong, vibrant community for generations to come." We also talked about Rümi, part of the ATCO family. The service can help you "know what's easily fixable with a little D-I-Y, or when you might need to call in some professional help."Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

His Chief concern is that he can't police for McFree

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Tax surveyHold the line on taxes, 4 in 10 Edmonton residents tell city in online surveyOmicron variantFirst case of omicron COVID-19 variant confirmed in Alberta, Hinshaw saysWinter wasteCity of Edmonton hopes to avoid winter waste issues with new cart systemLRT delayed (again) Opening of Edmonton's $1.8B Valley Line southeast LRT delayed a third time to summer 2022 Troy's tweet Valley Line Southeast LRT artworks on track to wow commuters Hawrelak Park Planned three-year closure of Edmonton's Hawrelak Park starting in 2023 leaves popular festivals in limbo Michael Janz's tweet U of A chemicals destroyed by EPS in controlled detonations at Hawrelak Park Photo radar Alberta government says onus will be on municipalities to prove photo radar improves traffic safety Alberta extends freeze on new photo radar locations, aims to reduce 'cash cow' factor Rachel Notley's tweet Don Iveson's tweet Bike lanes Drivers parking on new bike lane in Garneau neighbourhood Paths For People wants part of Edmonton's 102 Avenue to be car-free, a city councillor moves it forward Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we highlighted Park Power, "your friendly, local utilities provider in Alberta. Offering Internet, Electricity, and Natural Gas with low rates, awesome service, and profit-sharing with local charities." We also talked about The Future Of, a podcast hosted by ATB's chief economist Todd Hirsch that "connects with leaders who share their unique insight to help you navigate into the future."Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

Taking Valley Line completion off our photo radar

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Elks clean house'Significant on and off-field problems': Edmonton Elks fire president, general manager and head coachAnimal cruelty unitWith Canada's first animal cruelty unit, Edmonton police aim to curtail other criminal behaviourCannabis over EPLEdmonton Public Library loses appeals to shut down cannabis storesFamily homeless sheltersEdmonton needs a shelter for homeless families, outreach worker saysGreenfield land Tweet thread from Michael Janz Troy's tweet Anti-racism initiatives City of Edmonton awards nearly $215K to 16 community anti-racism initiatives in first instalment of grant program Uncovering deeper layers: Art projects funded to confront racism across the city BudgetCalgarians to face nearly 4% tax hike as council approves 2022 budgetCouncillor introductions Andrew Knack Erin Rutherford Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we talked about ATB Financial. ATB has a history of doing what's right for its clients, especially when times are tough—because ATB was Built to help Albertans. We also highlighted The Well Endowed Podcast from the Edmonton Community Foundation which explores the impact of passionate people who are working to make Edmonton a strong, vibrant city to live in.Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

I made my greenfield developers disappear

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Dodgeball ChampionshipsEdmonton to host 2022 World Dodgeball ChampionshipsChild careOttawa, Alberta reach deal for $10-a-day child careLegislature AnnexDemolition begins for Alberta's historic — and problem-plagued — Legislature Annex buildingHomelessness Funding News Release: Protecting vulnerable Albertans this winter Alberta announces $21.5 million to help homeless, domestic violence shelters this winter Enough beds expected in Edmonton's shelter system this winter following $21.5-million investment from Alberta government, Commonwealth Stadium to open as 24-7 shelter News Release: Task force to develop homelessness action plan Earlier: 'Significant gap in services:' City of Edmonton anticipates need for 350 additional shelter beds heading into winter, Sohi calling on province to fund Commonwealth Stadium 24-7 shelter Earlier: 'We are facing a crisis:' Edmonton shelter occupancy hits 97% as province poised to announce additional funding supports Wednesday Earlier: Edmonton shelters wait for province to step up as funds dry up Budget 2022 City of Edmonton proposing 1.8% property tax increase for 2022, projecting COVID-19 shortfall of $96.7 million Keith Gerein: Eager new council should avoid making waves while diving into Edmonton's budget City Council Non-Statutory Public Hearing - Budget - Nov. 29, 2021 City of Edmonton reverses decision to privatize bus cleaning, saving more than 100 jobs Urban Park Edmonton to move forward with exploring a potential national urban park Parks Canada to consider Edmonton-area river valley for national urban park network Councillor Introductions Anne Stevenson Jo-Anne Wright Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we talked about YourForest, a podcast about the natural world that shares stories about the environment, renewable resources, conservation, forestry, hunting, fishing, and more. We also highlighted fellow APN member Let's Find Out, a podcast about history in Edmonton from Chris Chang-Yen Phillips. Episode 50 offers a peek into his day to day life studying to be a historian at the University of Alberta.Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

From 0% we won't Budge-it

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Parking BanEdmonton road crews ready for winter weather, remind residents of 2-phase parking banBill 80Food truck operators excited that they could sell alcohol if Bill 80 passes in Alberta LegislatureHeritage ValleyNew south Edmonton park and ride seeing one quarter of expected ridershipMask BylawMask bylaw renewed to protect EdmontoniansWolf WillowNew parking restriction program in west Edmonton causes community controversyCity Advertising Edmonton officials want another $3-million sole-source advertising deal with Postmedia – they should do better Mack's tweet 2018: The City of Edmonton has an opportunity to support new approaches to local journalism Councillor Introductions Michael Janz, papastew Sarah Hamilton, sipiwiyiniwak Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we talked about ATB Cares, a platform that allows you to donate and have your donation matched by ATB to further your impact. We also highlighted Rümi from ATCO, which offers a variety of products and home maintenance, repair and installation services that can give customers control over their home.Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

Don't be too rash when you ask to unmask

Here are the relevant links for this episode:HR PoliciesAlberta premier's office appoints HR expert as minister speaks about drinking allegationsETS DelaysEdmonton transit to temporarily reduce bus frequency due to driver COVID-19 vaccination ratesTrick or Treat'Treat or tricks': 1922 Edmonton Bulletin article has claim to first printed reference to popular Halloween phraseGuests Giri Puligandla, executive director, CMHA Edmonton Region Christel Kjenner, director of affordable housing & homelessness, City of Edmonton Housing MonthWhere and When — Edmonton Housing MonthHousing Background 'It's a human right': Edmontonians want city council to take more action on housing Housing, transit top priorities for Edmonton at Big City Mayors' Caucus Council approves new supportive housing projects, seeks provincial funding for operations Edmonton's housing market ranked top for affordability 'It has to work for everyone': Edmontonians call for more inclusive city planning Councillor Introductions Aaron Paquette, DeneSpeaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we talked about Park Power, your friendly, local utilities provider in Alberta. Offering internet, electricity, and natural gas with low rates, awesome service, and profit-sharing with local charities. We also highlighted fellow APN member Get Checkered, a podcast hosted by Shanika and Caitlin, newbies to Formula 1.Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

The future of affordable housing according to our Christel ball

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Tourism MinisterAnand to Defence, Joly to Foreign Affairs: Trudeau announces major cabinet shakeupFalling BackAlbertans support bid to change equalization, narrowly turn down year-round daylight timeEl MiradorDemolition of downtown Edmonton apartment building El-Mirador underwayResignations Statement on Carla Smiley's resignation Byelection to be held in Sturgeon County after councillor-elect submits resignation Election Results 2021 Election Results 'An Edmonton for all of us': Amarjeet Sohi elected as our city's next mayor What to expect from the new mayor and council 'Edmonton's next chapter': Sohi sworn in as mayor, calls for anti-racism strategy Slow Burn 170 Street Pedestrian Bridge update Ada Boulevard Bridge update Councillor Introductions Keren Tang, Karhiio Ashley Salvador, Métis Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we talked about Park Power, your friendly, local utilities provider. Offering Internet, Electricity, and Natural Gas with low rates, awesome service, and profit-sharing with local charities. We also talked about Is This For Real? a podcast about various facets of Black life in Edmonton.Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

Post-vote roasts and toasts

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Elections AlbertaElections Alberta apologizes, announces review of dubious election day tweetsShared StreetsEdmonton 'shared streets' for pedestrians, cyclists to be removed for winterSchool Trustees'Rocky roads ahead' all of Edmonton's new public school trustees have vowed to oppose Alberta's K-6 draft curriculumGuest: Amarjeet Sohi sohi.ca @AmarjetSohiYEG 'An Edmonton for all of us': Amarjeet Sohi elected as our city's next mayor I'm Amarjeet Sohi, and I'm running to be Edmonton's next mayor. AMA! Taproot Survey responses Other links Calgary Mayor-elect Jyoti Gondek says childcare is among her top priorities Avnish's tweet Troy's tweet about the puns Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we talked about The Well Endowed Podcast from the Edmonton Community Foundation. Episode 105 looked at YouTube series YEG Eats which spotlights BIPOC-owned restaurants. We also talked about Rümi's Ask A Home Inspector service which can help you determine what's easily fixable with a little D-I-Y, or when you might need to call in some professional help.Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

Sohi's back and he's driving the bus

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Best CitiesEdmonton makes world's 100 best cities to live inStantec TowerNew safety measures being added after multiple windows fall from Edmonton's Stantec TowerAurora BorealisIncredibly bright aurora borealis lights up Alberta's night skyTroy's week There's a new Mike Nickel billboard on Gateway Blvd Troy's Greg Zeschuk tweet Disclosures Candidate Disclosures - 2021 Edmonton Municipal Election - Taproot Edmonton All Edmonton mayoral front-runners promise to publish donor lists before election Byron Vass tweet TransEd Announcement Valley Line Southeast LRT delayed again until first quarter of 2022 as a result of COVID-19 impacts, lengthy testing Construction delays mean Valley Line Southeast LRT won't open this year Opening of Valley Line Southeast LRT delayed again as first train crosses Tawatinâ Bridge Ada Boulevard Bridge Ada Boulevard reopens but some Edmontonians express safety concerns 'It looks unfinished and it feels unsafe': Edmontonians concerned about upgraded bridge at Ada Boulevard Urban Planning River valley solar farm not popular among most council candidates City aims for Edmontonians to 'live more locally' with 15-minute districts Kalen Anderson's tweet From the survey How should council bring the 15-minute districts described in the City Plan to life? Do you support the city's current approach to infill? Which statement best describes your opinion of city council's zoning decisions? Election Rundown Municipal election rundown: Oct. 13, 2021 Mike Nickel and Amarjeet Sohi square off on the issues Sohi not committing to property tax freeze if elected mayor Mike Nickel's tweet Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we highlighted fellow APN member Quantum Kickflip which features six Edmonton comedians play Slugblaster, a sci-fi tabletop roleplaying game developed in Alberta. We also talked about the Alberta Association of Optometrists which represents almost 800 Doctors of Optometry in over eighty communities across the province.Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

It's Election Thyme

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Vital SignsSingle adults struggling to make ends meet: Edmonton Vital Signs reportHBO FilmingHBO's The Last of Us shooting near Rice Howard Way in mid OctoberQR CodesAlberta rolls out vaccine QR codes without app, will not replace paper recordsDowntown Construction 2013: LRT Construction Downtown: Short-term pain, long-term gain! Jasper Avenue construction completed after 2 years City of Edmonton tweet Brent Toderian tweet Campaign DisclosuresTroy's tweet threadHousing and Police Housing First question Police racism question Police budget question Edmonton police chief contract extended to 2026 Edmonton police chief commits to addressing crime, social disorder in city's downtown Election Rundown Municipal election rundown: Oct. 6, 2021 Voter turnout in Edmonton triples since 2017 in first two days of advance polls Vanessa Denman: Our ability to choose has been taken away NDP denies running Edmonton city council 'slate,' defends endorsements Ask YEG Mayoral Candidate Kim Krushell Anything Amarjeet Sohi: An Edmontonian Musical Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we highlighted ATB which offers "expert and practical advice in everyday banking, and investment planning expertise and management services with ATB Wealth." We also talked about Rumi which "partners with local Alberta businesses and carefully selected vendors to help deliver homeowner happiness."Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

Proactive Donair Disclosure

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Pickled GarlicMojo Jojo Pickles expanded during the pandemicSuperstore StrikeAlberta Superstore Employees Vote Overwhelmingly In Favour of StrikingTruth and Reconciliation Where the candidates stand on the city's approach to truth and reconciliation Edmonton region prepares to observe National Day for Truth and Reconciliation Valley Line West Valley Line - West | City of Edmonton Troy's tweet thread Here's what the mayoral candidates are driving at on transportation issues Andrew Knack tweet thread #1 Andrew Knack tweet thread #2 Transition Memos Don Iveson's website Home energy labels would lower emissions, reduce mystery for buyers, says Edmonton mayor Endorsements Don Iveson endorses three council candidates for Edmonton's October municipal election Keith Gerein: Council's departing captain takes controversial step to keep Edmonton on course Jon Dziadyk's tweet Tony Caterina's tweet Economy and Politics What do you think the city's main fiscal challenge is? Should city council continue to have a code of conduct? Take the Taproot Survey More ways to have fun with the Taproot Survey Municipal Rundown Municipal election rundown: Sept. 29, 2021 Aaron Paquette for Ward Dene Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we highlighted Park Power, "your friendly, local utilities provider in Alberta." Park Power offers internet, electricity, and natural gas with "low rates, awesome service, and profit-sharing with local charities." We also talked about Book Women, a podcast about editing, publishing, and writing Indigenous stories.Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

Orange you glad you have to wear shirts in council chambers (taxi drivers excluded)

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Jason KenneyJason Kenney survives caucus meeting with leadership review to comeBuy and SellEdmonton police and Telus announce new buy-and-sell exchange zones across the cityBaby ZebraIt's a girl! Proud parents Zuri and... - Edmonton Valley ZooRoads and Transit What should the residential speed limit be? Where do you stand on accommodating active transportation? Do you support the expansion of major roads? What should be done about transit fares? What is your position on the bus network redesign? What should be done about LRT expansion? Mayoral ForumTroy's tweet threadNominations Close PSA - Edmonton Election official candidate list now available Six Edmonton Catholic School Board trustee incumbents win election races uncontested following close of nominations Nominations close for 2021 municipal election Federal Election Liberal Randy Boissonnault claims victory in Edmonton Centre Conservative support sags as Albertans add Liberal, NDP MPs Federal election: Conservatives' Uppal re-elected in Edmonton Mill Woods despite close race with Liberals 'It has been challenging': Edmonton's mayor concerned about city's potential lack of representation in new Liberal caucus Vaccine Passports Find out which Calgary businesses will require vaccine passports after bylaw OK'd by council Announcement of optional passport system spurs uptick in COVID-19 vaccinations Most Edmonton region municipalities opt in to proof-of-vaccination program Municipal Rundown Municipal election rundown: Sept. 22, 2021 'Disappointing, disheartening': O-day'min candidates condemn racism directed at fellow candidate Susan Field's tweet Aaron Paquette for Ward Dene Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we highlighted YEGPodfest which takes place online Oct. 1-3. The event features masterclasses with professional podcasters, panel discussions, feature interviews, and more. We also talked about Park Power which offers Internet, Electricity, and Natural Gas with low rates, awesome service, and profit-sharing with local charities.Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

The close of NomNominations

Here are the relevant links for this episode:Truth and ReconciliationNews release: City and EPS to recognize National Day for Truth and Reconciliation Driver ShortageDriver shortage causing yellow bus delays for Edmonton schoolsElection SignsFederal races overshadowing municipal ones, Edmonton election watchers sayNominations ClosingPSA: Reminders about running and voting in the Edmonton Election Vaccines and Masks City of Edmonton Vaccination Results Not enough City of Edmonton employees fully vaccinated: Iveson Edmonton city council to look at granting exemptions to mask bylaw Amended Edmonton bylaw clarifies masking use for performers, places of worship Vaccine Passports News release: New vaccine requirements and COVID-19 measures in Alberta Local mayors lament letter advocating for vaccine passport in the Edmonton region Alberta's 'open for summer' plan set trajectory of COVID's 4th wave, Hinshaw now says Alberta introducing printable COVID-19 vaccination card 74 per cent of Edmontonians, Calgarians support vaccine passports: survey 15 Minute CityCity aims for Edmontonians to 'live more locally' with 15-minute districtsElection Rundown Municipal election rundown: Sept. 15, 2021 Mayoral candidates asked to remove supervised injection sites 'out of Chinatown' Mayor Don Iveson endorses Ben Henderson Three tight federal election races coming down to the wire in Edmonton, Iveson endorses council colleague Ben Henderson in Mill Woods riding Speaking Municipally is a proud member of the Alberta Podcast Network: locally grown, community supported.This week we highlighted The Brief, an Alberta Better podcast series from the Business Council of Alberta. The series explores the big challenges Albertans are facing and celebrates stories of growth, innovation, and prosperity. We also talked about The Well Endowed Podcast from the Edmonton Community Foundation. The podcast explores the impact of passionate people who are working to make Edmonton a strong, vibrant city to live in.Speaking Municipally is produced by Taproot Edmonton, a source of curiosity-driven original stories, curated newsletters on various topics, and locally focused podcasts, all in the service of informing Edmontonians about what is going on in their community. Sign up to get The Pulse, our weekday news briefing. It's free!★ Support this podcast ★

A provincial vaxiccine passport

Taproot Edmonton presents a weekly discussion on key stories in municipal politics. We pay attention to City Council so you don't have to! Join us as we delve into conversations about the context surrounding decisions made at City Hall.