एक समुद्री डाकू ने निभाई गई जिज्ञासु भूमिका है। रहमा बिन जब्बार संभवतः उस समय फारस की खाड़ी में सक्रिय सबसे सफल और प्रसिद्ध समुद्री डाकू था। जलामा जनजाति के एक सदस्य, रहमा बिन जब्बार का जन्म कुरैन (आधुनिक कुवैत) के एक साधारण परिवार में हुआ था। रहमा बिन जब्बार ने समुद्री डकैती में जाने से पहले, एक मामूली घोड़े के व्यापारी के रूप में अपना करियर शुरू किया। उन्होंने एक छोटे जहाज और दस साथियों के साथ शुरुआत की, जिनके साथ उन्होंने अरब की खाड़ी के तट पर एक सुरक्षा रैकेट चलाना शुरू किया। अपनी शक्ति के चरम पर रहमा बिन जब्बार ने समुद्री डाकू जहाजों के पूरे बेड़े और अनुमानित 2,000 समुद्री डाकुओं की वफादारी की कमान संभाली। उनके जहाज़ों में सबसे बड़ा 300 टन का जहाज़ था जिस पर 350 आदमी सवार थे। रहमा बिन जब्बार ने गठबंधन बनाकर अपने बेड़े की रक्षा की, जिसमें अल-सऊद राजवंश (सऊदी अरब का वर्तमान शासक परिवार) के साथ गठबंधन भी शामिल था। बाद में उन्होंने अपनी वफादारी ओमान के अल बू सईद राजवंश की ओर स्थानांतरित कर दी। विस्तारित ओमानी समुद्री साम्राज्य की कमान संभालते हुए, रहमा बिन जब्बार ने समुद्री डकैती पर आधारित एक समृद्ध व्यवसाय बनाया। 19 वीं सदी की शुरुआत में , क़वासिम आदिवासी संघ के समुद्री डाकू उनके एकमात्र गंभीर प्रतिद्वंद्वी थे। [9]

एक समुद्री डाकू ने निभाई गई जिज्ञासु भूमिका है। रहमा बिन जब्बार संभवतः उस समय फारस की खाड़ी में सक्रिय सबसे सफल और प्रसिद्ध समुद्री डाकू था। जलामा जनजाति के एक सदस्य, रहमा बिन जब्बार का जन्म कुरैन (आधुनिक कुवैत) के एक साधारण परिवार में हुआ था। रहमा बिन जब्बार ने समुद्री डकैती में जाने से पहले, एक मामूली घोड़े के व्यापारी के रूप में अपना करियर शुरू किया। उन्होंने एक छोटे जहाज और दस साथियों के साथ शुरुआत की, जिनके साथ उन्होंने अरब की खाड़ी के तट पर एक सुरक्षा रैकेट चलाना शुरू किया। अपनी शक्ति के चरम पर रहमा बिन जब्बार ने समुद्री डाकू जहाजों के पूरे बेड़े और अनुमानित 2,000 समुद्री डाकुओं की वफादारी की कमान संभाली। उनके जहाज़ों में सबसे बड़ा 300 टन का जहाज़ था जिस पर 350 आदमी सवार थे। रहमा बिन जब्बार ने गठबंधन बनाकर अपने बेड़े की रक्षा की, जिसमें अल-सऊद राजवंश (सऊदी अरब का वर्तमान शासक परिवार) के साथ गठबंधन भी शामिल था। बाद में उन्होंने अपनी वफादारी ओमान के अल बू सईद राजवंश की ओर स्थानांतरित कर दी। विस्तारित ओमानी समुद्री साम्राज्य की कमान संभालते हुए, रहमा बिन जब्बार ने समुद्री डकैती पर आधारित एक समृद्ध व्यवसाय बनाया। 19 वीं सदी की शुरुआत में , क़वासिम आदिवासी संघ के समुद्री डाकू उनके एकमात्र गंभीर प्रतिद्वंद्वी थे। [9]

BHARAT NAMA

Episode 262

<a href="http://www.theweek.in/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><img src="https://www-theweek-in.cdn.ampproject.org/ii/AW/s/www.theweek.in/content/dam/week/logo/The-Week-Logo-Big.png"></a> <ul><li> </li></ul><h1>Warships on the west coast</h1>Unlike rulers who built ships predominantly to trade, Shivaji built them to fight<a href="https://www.theweek.in/authors.Mandira.html" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><img src="https://www-theweek-in.cdn.ampproject.org/ii/AW/s/www.theweek.in/content/dam/week/authorimages/Mandira-Nayar.jpg.image.30.43.jpg"></a> <a href="https://www.theweek.in/authors.Mandira.html" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">By Mandira Nayar</a>Issue Date: December 27, 2020Updated: December 17, 2020 23:37 ISTThe English frigate was aptly called the Revenge. In September 1679, armed and with six files of soldiers, it joined three others that were blockading the island of Kandheri, just off the coast of Mumbai, to intimidate the Marathas. Shivaji, the greatest Maratha commander, had ordered the fortification of the island. The British orders were clear: they could use force to stop the construction.For the next five months, the blockade continued. Despite being outnumbered and outmatched, the Marathas managed to outmanoeuvre the combined forces of the English and the Siddis, their nemesis. Then, the English withdrew, and a peace accord was hastily signed. Shivaji had exerted his might.“The English navy was superior to the Maratha warships in every respect,” writes B.K. Apte in his seminal work A History of the Maratha Navy and Merchantships. The advantage was tactical. “The slimly built Maratha ships were no match for a single massively built English frigate, with big and long-range guns. The Marathas, knowing full well their inferiority in the navy, never encountered the English battleships on the open sea.”The Kandheri incident is now just a footnote in history. But it lies at the heart of the success of the Maratha navy. It was not the best equipped, but it was skilled enough to trouble better navies. The secret was that the Maratha ships operated close to the coast and escaped into narrow creeks with lightning speed. “The shallowness of the sea, the soundings near Khanderi and the nature of the coast were peculiarly suited to the movements of lightly built Maratha boats,” writes Apte.If the Cholas had their conquests on the sea, Shivaji was the first ruler in India to realise the potential of the navy. Unlike most other empires, Shivaji’s navy was not only for trade—its brief was political, rather than economic.<img src="https://www-theweek-in.cdn.ampproject.org/ii/AW/s/www.theweek.in/content/dam/week/magazine/theweek/cover/images/2020/12/17/122-sivaji.jpg">Illustration by Bara Bhaskaran“The navy has been considered as an independent limb of the Maratha State by [Shivaji’s finance minister Ramachandra Pant] Amatya in Rajniti, a work on Maratha polity,” writes Apte. The objective was superiority. He realised the necessity of controlling the seas to gain territory on land. “When Shivaji began his career of independence, the coast of Konkan was infested with alien powers,” writes Apte.There were the Portuguese, who controlled the Arabian Sea, the English and the Siddis, who were a dangerous enemy. Shivaji’s naval ambitions started in 1665 with the loot of Basrur, located in Udipi district of Karnataka. He attacked Basrur with 85 ships big and small, and brought home immense booty. No naval engagement took place in this raid. But it was the turning point.Shivaji’s ambitious naval plan made even the Portuguese jittery. A letter written by the viceroy of Goa to the king of Portugal on August 6, 1659, reveals that he has asked the Portuguese captain to “smother” the movement of the “newly built gallivats” at Kalyan, Bhiwandi and Panvel. Kalyan was one of Shivaji’s first conquests in 1657 and where he floated his first ship.

Warships on the west coastUnlike rulers who built ships predominantly to trade, Shivaji built them to fight By Mandira NayarIssue Date: December 27, 2020Updated: December 17, 2020 23:37 ISTThe English frigate was aptly called the Revenge. In September 1679, armed and with six files of soldiers, it joined three others that were blockading the island of Kandheri, just off the coast of Mumbai, to intimidate the Marathas. Shivaji, the greatest Maratha commander, had ordered the fortification of the island. The British orders were clear: they could use force to stop the construction.For the next five months, the blockade continued. Despite being outnumbered and outmatched, the Marathas managed to outmanoeuvre the combined forces of the English and the Siddis, their nemesis. Then, the English withdrew, and a peace accord was hastily signed. Shivaji had exerted his might.“The English navy was superior to the Maratha warships in every respect,” writes B.K. Apte in his seminal work A History of the Maratha Navy and Merchantships. The advantage was tactical. “The slimly built Maratha ships were no match for a single massively built English frigate, with big and long-range guns. The Marathas, knowing full well their inferiority in the navy, never encountered the English battleships on the open sea.”The Kandheri incident is now just a footnote in history. But it lies at the heart of the success of the Maratha navy. It was not the best equipped, but it was skilled enough to trouble better navies. The secret was that the Maratha ships operated close to the coast and escaped into narrow creeks with lightning speed. “The shallowness of the sea, the soundings near Khanderi and the nature of the coast were peculiarly suited to the movements of lightly built Maratha boats,” writes Apte.If the Cholas had their conquests on the sea, Shivaji was the first ruler in India to realise the potential of the navy. Unlike most other empires, Shivaji’s navy was not only for trade—its brief was political, rather than economic.Illustration by Bara Bhaskaran“The navy has been considered as an independent limb of the Maratha State by [Shivaji’s finance minister Ramachandra Pant] Amatya in Rajniti, a work on Maratha polity,” writes Apte. The objective was superiority. He realised the necessity of controlling the seas to gain territory on land. “When Shivaji began his career of independence, the coast of Konkan was infested with alien powers,” writes Apte.There were the Portuguese, who controlled the Arabian Sea, the English and the Siddis, who were a dangerous enemy. Shivaji’s naval ambitions started in 1665 with the loot of Basrur, located in Udipi district of Karnataka. He attacked Basrur with 85 ships big and small, and brought home immense booty. No naval engagement took place in this raid. But it was the turning point.Shivaji’s ambitious naval plan made even the Portuguese jittery. A letter written by the viceroy of Goa to the king of Portugal on August 6, 1659, reveals that he has asked the Portuguese captain to “smother” the movement of the “newly built gallivats” at Kalyan, Bhiwandi and Panvel. Kalyan was one of Shivaji’s first conquests in 1657 and where he floated his first ship.

Episode 261

निज़ाम उल मुल्क (Nizam Ul Mulk real name in Hindi) को चिन क़िलिच क़मरुद्दीन खान, मीर क़मर-उद-दीन खान सिद्दीकी, आसफ जाह और निज़ाम प्रथम जैसे नामों से जाना जाता है।निज़ाम उल मुल्क (Nizam Ul Mulk real name in Hindi) हैदराबाद के पहले निज़ाम थे। निज़ाम उल मुल्क (Nizam Ul Mulk in Hindi) ने मुगल सम्राट औरंगजेब के अधीन एक कुलीन के रूप में शुरुआत की और 1707 में उनकी मृत्यु तक उनके प्रति वफादार रहे।1707 के बाद उन्हें कई मुगल प्रांतों का गवर्नर बनाया गया। अंततः 1724 में, निज़ाम उल मुल्क (Nizam Ul Mulk real name in Hindi) ने दक्कन क्षेत्र पर एक स्वायत्त शासन स्थापित किया जिसे आसफ जाह राजवंश (Asaf Jah Dynasty in Hindi) के नाम से जाना जाता है। उनके बाद के शासकों को हैदराबाद के निज़ाम के रूप में जाना जाने लगा।

निज़ाम उल मुल्क (Nizam Ul Mulk real name in Hindi) को चिन क़िलिच क़मरुद्दीन खान, मीर क़मर-उद-दीन खान सिद्दीकी, आसफ जाह और निज़ाम प्रथम जैसे नामों से जाना जाता है।निज़ाम उल मुल्क (Nizam Ul Mulk real name in Hindi) हैदराबाद के पहले निज़ाम थे। निज़ाम उल मुल्क (Nizam Ul Mulk in Hindi) ने मुगल सम्राट औरंगजेब के अधीन एक कुलीन के रूप में शुरुआत की और 1707 में उनकी मृत्यु तक उनके प्रति वफादार रहे।1707 के बाद उन्हें कई मुगल प्रांतों का गवर्नर बनाया गया। अंततः 1724 में, निज़ाम उल मुल्क (Nizam Ul Mulk real name in Hindi) ने दक्कन क्षेत्र पर एक स्वायत्त शासन स्थापित किया जिसे आसफ जाह राजवंश (Asaf Jah Dynasty in Hindi) के नाम से जाना जाता है। उनके बाद के शासकों को हैदराबाद के निज़ाम के रूप में जाना जाने लगा।

Episode 260

Aurangzeb Deccan policy which cause the destruction of the best soldiers and undermined the Mughul prestige beyond repair, contributed materially to the downfall of his dynasty. He destroyed the Shia Kingdoms of Bijapur and Golconda and waged a long, endless war for extermination against the Marathas. This obliged the hardy Marathas to fight in self-defence and when success came to them they were encouraged to take up the offensive, cross the Narmada and invade the Mughal provinces in Northern India. The Hindus in Northern India were already alienated by Aurangzeb's policy of religious persecution and the Hindu officers and vassals of the empire were either indifferent or secretly hostile to the mughal cause. This creates opportunity for the Marathas. They appealed to the common sentiments of Rajput and of the Hindus who secretly allied themselves with Bajirao when the latter boldly proceeded to execute his policy of striking at the withering trunk of the Mughal Empire in the belief that after the fall of that Empire the independent provincial Muslim dynasty would fall of them. Thus, within thirty one years of Aurangzeb's death, his successor had to wage war with the sikhs, Jats,

Aurangzeb Deccan policy which cause the destruction of the best soldiers and undermined the Mughul prestige beyond repair, contributed materially to the downfall of his dynasty. He destroyed the Shia Kingdoms of Bijapur and Golconda and waged a long, endless war for extermination against the Marathas. This obliged the hardy Marathas to fight in self-defence and when success came to them they were encouraged to take up the offensive, cross the Narmada and invade the Mughal provinces in Northern India. The Hindus in Northern India were already alienated by Aurangzeb's policy of religious persecution and the Hindu officers and vassals of the empire were either indifferent or secretly hostile to the mughal cause. This creates opportunity for the Marathas. They appealed to the common sentiments of Rajput and of the Hindus who secretly allied themselves with Bajirao when the latter boldly proceeded to execute his policy of striking at the withering trunk of the Mughal Empire in the belief that after the fall of that Empire the independent provincial Muslim dynasty would fall of them. Thus, within thirty one years of Aurangzeb's death, his successor had to wage war with the sikhs, Jats,

Episode 259

नवंबर 1703 में औरंगजेब हवाले करने के लिए अपने बेटे Kambaksh के माध्यम से Dhanaji के साथ बातचीत कर खोला <a href="https://www.hmoob.in/wiki/Chattrapati_Shahu" target="_blank" style="color: green;">शाहू</a> उसे। हालाँकि, मराठा राजा की ओर से धनाजी द्वारा की गई तथाकथित फालतू माँगों के कारण वार्ता सफल नहीं हो सकी। १७०५ में, धनाजी के नेतृत्व में लगभग ४०,००० सैनिकों वाली मराठा सेना ने <a href="https://www.hmoob.in/wiki/Surat" target="_blank" style="color: green;">सूरत</a> में तोड़फोड़ की और <a href="https://www.hmoob.in/wiki/Bharuch" target="_blank" style="color: green;">भरूच</a> तक <a href="https://www.hmoob.in/wiki/Gujarat" target="_blank" style="color: green;">गुजरात के</a> पूरे क्षेत्र को लूट लिया । धनाजी ने रतनपुर <a href="https://www.hmoob.in/w/index.php?title=Nawab_of_Baroda&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank" style="color: green;">में बड़ौदा</a> के <a href="https://www.hmoob.in/w/index.php?title=Nawab_of_Baroda&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank" style="color: green;">नवाब</a> नज़र अली के अधीन मुगल सेना को भी परास्त कर दिया और महाराष्ट्र के लिए बहुत बड़ा खजाना लाया।१७०८ में, उनके सहायक <a href="https://www.hmoob.in/wiki/Balaji_Vishwanath" target="_blank" style="color: green;">बालाजी विश्वनाथ</a> द्वारा मध्यस्थता के साथ , <a href="https://www.hmoob.in/wiki/Dhanaji_Jadhav#cite_note-Chhabra2005-2" target="_blank" style="color: green;">[२]</a> जो बाद में १७१३ में <a href="https://www.hmoob.in/wiki/Peshwa" target="_blank" style="color: green;">पेशवा</a> बने , धनाजी ने <a href="https://www.hmoob.in/wiki/Tarabai" target="_blank" style="color: green;">ताराबाई को</a> छोड़ दिया और खेड़ में शाहू के साथ हाथ मिला लिया। इसके तुरंत बाद, वडगांव (कोल्हापुर) में पैर की चोट के कारण उनकी मृत्यु हो गई। इसके बाद उनके पुत्र चंद्रसेन <a href="https://www.hmoob.in/w/index.php?title=Jadhavrao&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank" style="color: green;">जाधवराव</a> को उनके पद पर <a href="https://www.hmoob.in/w/index.php?title=Jadhavrao&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank" style="color: green;">नियुक्त</a> किया गया।

नवंबर 1703 में औरंगजेब हवाले करने के लिए अपने बेटे Kambaksh के माध्यम से Dhanaji के साथ बातचीत कर खोला शाहू उसे। हालाँकि, मराठा राजा की ओर से धनाजी द्वारा की गई तथाकथित फालतू माँगों के कारण वार्ता सफल नहीं हो सकी। १७०५ में, धनाजी के नेतृत्व में लगभग ४०,००० सैनिकों वाली मराठा सेना ने सूरत में तोड़फोड़ की और भरूच तक गुजरात के पूरे क्षेत्र को लूट लिया । धनाजी ने रतनपुर में बड़ौदा के नवाब नज़र अली के अधीन मुगल सेना को भी परास्त कर दिया और महाराष्ट्र के लिए बहुत बड़ा खजाना लाया।१७०८ में, उनके सहायक बालाजी विश्वनाथ द्वारा मध्यस्थता के साथ , [२] जो बाद में १७१३ में पेशवा बने , धनाजी ने ताराबाई को छोड़ दिया और खेड़ में शाहू के साथ हाथ मिला लिया। इसके तुरंत बाद, वडगांव (कोल्हापुर) में पैर की चोट के कारण उनकी मृत्यु हो गई। इसके बाद उनके पुत्र चंद्रसेन जाधवराव को उनके पद पर नियुक्त किया गया।

Episode 258

1707 में आगर के निकट दोनों भाइयों की मुठभेड़ जाजौ नामक स्थान पर हुई। आजम युद्ध में मारा गया। अब मुअज्जम प्रमुख था मालवा को सूबेदार निजाम-उल मुल्क। उसने षड्यन्त्र रचकर हुसन अली की हत्या उस समय करवा दी, जब वह बादशाह को अपने साथ लेकर दक्षिण की ओर निजाम- उल-मुल्क के विरुद्ध बढ़ा। अपने भाई की हत्या की सूचना पाकर अब्दुल्ला ने दिल्ली में शहजादा इब्राहिम को गद्दी पर बैठा दिया। इस बीच मुहम्मद शाह अमीन खाँ के साथ वापस। दिल्ली लौटा। उसने बिलोचपुर के निकट अब्दुल्ला को युद्ध में पराजित कर उसे गिरफ्तार कर लिया (1720 ई०)। कारागार में ही बाद में उसकी हत्या कर दी गई। मुहम्मदशाह अब सैयदबन्धुओं के प्रभाव से मुक्त हो गया। उसने पहले अमीन खाँ तथा बाद में निजाम-उल-मुल्क को अपना वजीर नियक्त किया, परन्तु निजाम कुछ समय बाद ही दक्कन वापस चला गया। मुहम्मद शाह के समय में सम्राट की शक्ति एवं प्रतिष्ठा पुनः स्थापित हुई। परन्तु वह प्रशासन, दरबार अथवा साम्राज्य पर अपना नियन्त्रण स्थापित नहीं कर सका। साम्राज्य के विभिन्न भागों में लगातार विद्रोह हुए, जिन्हें वह दबा नहीं सका। उसके समय में हैदराबाद अवध बंगाल स्वतन्त्र हो गये और मराठों जाटों, सिखों, रुहेलों ने अपनी शक्ति बढ़ा ली। उसी के समय में नादिरशाह ने भारत पर आक्रमण कर मुगल साम्राज्य की खोखली जड़ों पर तीव्र आघात किया। मुगल साम्राज्य के पतन की गति और तीव्र हो गई।

1707 में आगर के निकट दोनों भाइयों की मुठभेड़ जाजौ नामक स्थान पर हुई। आजम युद्ध में मारा गया। अब मुअज्जम प्रमुख था मालवा को सूबेदार निजाम-उल मुल्क। उसने षड्यन्त्र रचकर हुसन अली की हत्या उस समय करवा दी, जब वह बादशाह को अपने साथ लेकर दक्षिण की ओर निजाम- उल-मुल्क के विरुद्ध बढ़ा। अपने भाई की हत्या की सूचना पाकर अब्दुल्ला ने दिल्ली में शहजादा इब्राहिम को गद्दी पर बैठा दिया। इस बीच मुहम्मद शाह अमीन खाँ के साथ वापस। दिल्ली लौटा। उसने बिलोचपुर के निकट अब्दुल्ला को युद्ध में पराजित कर उसे गिरफ्तार कर लिया (1720 ई०)। कारागार में ही बाद में उसकी हत्या कर दी गई।मुहम्मदशाह अब सैयदबन्धुओं के प्रभाव से मुक्त हो गया। उसने पहले अमीन खाँ तथा बाद में निजाम-उल-मुल्क को अपना वजीर नियक्त किया, परन्तु निजाम कुछ समय बाद ही दक्कन वापस चला गया। मुहम्मद शाह के समय में सम्राट की शक्ति एवं प्रतिष्ठा पुनः स्थापित हुई। परन्तु वह प्रशासन, दरबार अथवा साम्राज्य पर अपना नियन्त्रण स्थापित नहीं कर सका। साम्राज्य के विभिन्न भागों में लगातार विद्रोह हुए, जिन्हें वह दबा नहीं सका। उसके समय में हैदराबाद अवध बंगाल स्वतन्त्र हो गये और मराठों जाटों, सिखों, रुहेलों ने अपनी शक्ति बढ़ा ली। उसी के समय में नादिरशाह ने भारत पर आक्रमण कर मुगल साम्राज्य की खोखली जड़ों पर तीव्र आघात किया। मुगल साम्राज्य के पतन की गति और तीव्र हो गई।

Episode 257

Yakut Khan landed at <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewri" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sewri</a> on 14 February 1689,<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai#cite_note-78" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204);">[78]</a> and razed the <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazagon_Fort" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Mazagon Fort</a> in June 1690.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai#cite_note-iexpress-79" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204);">[79]</a> After a payment made by the British to <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurangzeb" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Aurangzeb</a>, the ruler of the Mughal Empire, Yakut evacuated Bombay on 8 June 1690.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai#cite_note-80" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204);">[80]</a> The arrival of many Indian and British merchants led to the development of Bombay's trade by the end of the seventeenth century. Soon it was trading in salt, rice, ivory, cloth, lead and sword blades with many Indian ports as well as with the Arabian cities of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecca" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Mecca</a> and <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basra" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Basra</a>.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai#cite_note-d26-55" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204);">[55]</a> By 1710, the construction of <a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Castle" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Bombay Castle</a> was finished, which fortified the islands from sea attacks by European pirates and the Marathas.<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mumbai#cite_note-81" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(51, 102, 204);">[81]</a> By 26 December 171courtesy Wikipedia

Yakut Khan landed at Sewri on 14 February 1689,[78] and razed the Mazagon Fort in June 1690.[79] After a payment made by the British to Aurangzeb, the ruler of the Mughal Empire, Yakut evacuated Bombay on 8 June 1690.[80] The arrival of many Indian and British merchants led to the development of Bombay's trade by the end of the seventeenth century. Soon it was trading in salt, rice, ivory, cloth, lead and sword blades with many Indian ports as well as with the Arabian cities of Mecca and Basra.[55] By 1710, the construction of Bombay Castle was finished, which fortified the islands from sea attacks by European pirates and the Marathas.[81] By 26 December 171courtesy Wikipedia 

Episode 256

After another generation of bloody warfare, the throne of Delhi was bestowed upon Shah Alam I. Also known as Bahadur Shah I, his reign was short and mostly focused on reconciliation with Rajputs, severed by his father Aurangzeb. He looked over the rise of the Sikh Empire and the initial Maratha Empire. Historians often cite the inability of Shah Alam and his successors and their indulgence in luxury, women and wine as a cause for the downfall of the mighty Mughal Empire.

After another generation of bloody warfare, the throne of Delhi was bestowed upon Shah Alam I. Also known as Bahadur Shah I, his reign was short and mostly focused on reconciliation with Rajputs, severed by his father Aurangzeb. He looked over the rise of the Sikh Empire and the initial Maratha Empire. Historians often cite the inability of Shah Alam and his successors and their indulgence in luxury, women and wine as a cause for the downfall of the mighty Mughal Empire.

Episode 255

Soon the Mughals came to know of this escape. Aurangzeb himself took charge of the mission of capturing Rajaram. Rajaram had earlier already sent many of his officers like Bahirji Ghorpade, Maloji Ghorpade, Santaji Jagtap, Rupaji Bhonsle away who now assisted him. During this escape he was surrounded by enemies at the river Vardha but Maharaj escaped again with the help of Bahirji and Maloji. When some Mughals accosted him again Rupaji Bhonsle and Santaji Jagtap showed their valour with the long sword and helped Rajaram escape. Soon Maharaj sent Santaji ahead and Rupaji behind to protect him and proceeded. And fooling the Mughal soldiers by various means he reached the shores of river Tungabhadra.

Soon the Mughals came to know of this escape. Aurangzeb himself took charge of the mission of capturing Rajaram. Rajaram had earlier already sent many of his officers like Bahirji Ghorpade, Maloji Ghorpade, Santaji Jagtap, Rupaji Bhonsle away who now assisted him. During this escape he was surrounded by enemies at the river Vardha but Maharaj escaped again with the help of Bahirji and Maloji. When some Mughals accosted him again Rupaji Bhonsle and Santaji Jagtap showed their valour with the long sword and helped Rajaram escape. Soon Maharaj sent Santaji ahead and Rupaji behind to protect him and proceeded. And fooling the Mughal soldiers by various means he reached the shores of river Tungabhadra.

Episode 254

The state of Janjira is noted as being among the smallest of the princely States in Menon’s “The Story of Integration of Indian Princely States.” However, compared to its size, the little state of Janjira played a disproportionately large role in history. The people manning the fort came from North Africa (Ethiopia/Somalia) and were followers of Islam. They were known to be the best sea fighters anywhere among the Muslim races and called themselves Siddis (a North African term of respect). While they were called Siddis in India’s west coast, they were known as Habshis in the rest of India.

The state of Janjira is noted as being among the smallest of the princely States in Menon’s “The Story of Integration of Indian Princely States.” However, compared to its size, the little state of Janjira played a disproportionately large role in history. The people manning the fort came from North Africa (Ethiopia/Somalia) and were followers of Islam. They were known to be the best sea fighters anywhere among the Muslim races and called themselves Siddis (a North African term of respect). While they were called Siddis in India’s west coast, they were known as Habshis in the rest of India.

Episode 253

BHARATNAMA IS ALL ABOUT THE CULTURE AND HERITAGE OF BHARAT VARSH. Over long period of time we have been taught and read only one type of narrative and which was a half truth or all together a wrong perception about our great nation and it's heritages. I am trying to get a real hiden truth for centuries. , please have fun listening and give feedback at -yogeshkale7@gmail.com YouTube - https://youtube.com/@yogeshkale2645 Gaana - https://gaana.com/podcast/bharat-nama-season-1

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