Andrew Prescott, University of Glasgow and AHRC Theme Leader Fellow for Digital Transformations, gives the closing keynote for the 2017 DHOXSS. We think of digital humanities as being chiefly concerned with abstract data, tagging and quantitative techniques, but it also has roots in a long tradition of using a variety of technological aids to examine the physical characteristics of objects such as manuscripts, paintings or pots. As new materials and technologies such as conductive ink or ultra-thin transistors develop, they offer humanities scholars different perspectives in exploring and presenting primary materials. This lecture will discuss some projects (mostly by other people) which illustrate some of the emerging possibilities of the Internet of Things for the humanities. These include paper headphones, a guitar that documents its performance history, tattoos that control your smartphone, and a book cover that speaks.

Digital Humanities at Oxford Summer School

2017 Closing Keynote: What Happens When the Internet of Things Meets the Humanities?

Martin Poulter, Oxford's Wikimedian in Reseidence, gives a masterclass in using Wikimedia for digital research. The Wikimedia family of projects includes some projects that are less well-known than the flagship Wikipedia, but highly relevant to the Humanities. Wikidata has facts and figures about tens of millions of items, Wikimedia Commons has tens of millions of freely reusable images, many from cultural heritage organisations, and Wikisource has hundreds of thousands of historical texts. These platforms are not just for sharing text, images and data, but giving them context in the form of metadata and links. They also allow many kinds of query and visualisation. This session reports on progress with using these platforms with research projects in Oxford University.

Wikimedia: Wikipedia's sister projects as platforms for Digital Humanities

Kevin Page, Iain Emsley and David Weigl talk about using The HathiTrust Digital Library to conduct research in this interstice workshop. Within the Andrew W. Mellon funded ‘Workset Creation for Scholarly Analysis (WCSA)’ project, the University of Oxford e-Research Centre have developed new tools and approaches to facilitate study of the HathiTrust Digital Library. This workshop will inform participants of the latest developments from the project, and provide attendees with the opportunity to work with project researchers to explore how they might undertake their own investigations. The HathiTrust Digital Library comprises the digitized representations of 14.7 million volumes, 7.44 million book titles, 405,345 serial titles, and 5.2 billion pages, best described as “a partnership of major research institutions and libraries working to ensure that the cultural record is preserved and accessible long into the future”. For many scholars the size of the HT corpus is both attractive and daunting. The first half of this workshop introduces the concept of ‘worksets’, showing how they can be used to effectively investigate large corpora such as the HathiTrust, and demonstrating digital methods to refine and interrogate the data within them. These will be illustrated through existing worksets, including examples focussed on early English printed texts. In the second, interactive, half of the workshop, attendees will work with project researchers to ‘paper prototype’ potential worksets relating to their own fields of study. Participants will be apprised of existing methods by which they can create HathiTrust worksets for their context; discovery of new workset creation motivations and strategies is welcomed and inform the next generation of HathiTrust workset tooling.

Working with very large corpora: Building your worksets in the HathiTrust

Pip Willcox and David De Roure give a presentation on Ada Lovelace, one of the early pioneers in computing. In the 200 years since Ada Lovelace’s birth, she has been celebrated, neglected, and taken up as a symbol for any number of causes and ideas. A symposium to mark the 200th anniversary of her birth narrated many of these, including accounts of her generative relationship with Charles Babbage and his Difference and Analytical Engines. This talk traces some of the paths the idea of Lovelace has taken, what basis they have in her life, and what her reception tells us about our own scholarship and society. It goes on to describe our experimental work responding to Lovelace and Babbage, and to the operatic ‘Ada sketches’ of composer Emily Howard. We created a Web application to produce music from maths through programming a digital simulation of the Analytical Engine, after Lovelace’s idea that "the engine might compose elaborate and scientific pieces of music of any degree of complexity or extent.

Ada Lovelace: Creative computing and an experimental humanities

Professor Ralph Schroeder, Senior Research Fellow with the Oxford Internet Institute and Laird Barrett, Senior Digital Product Manager for the Taylor and Francis Group, give a talk for DHOXSS 2017. Digital research, computational techniques and big data are often considered in the context of the sciences and social sciences. In fact, many of the most exciting projects are in the humanities. The talk will cover a range of these projects, highlighting how they contribute to knowledge, their strengths and weaknesses, and ways forward. Several areas of digital research will be dealt with in depth, such as the large-scale analysis of text in literature, the visualization of intellectual and creative networks, and use of the Web to document historical patterns. The course will also examine transformations in scholarly practices, including crowdsourcing and creating data infrastructures and digital archives. Particular attention will be paid to data sources, and debates about digital research in the humanities. The talk will also cover emerging publishing models, and how they relate to digital research. Finally, it will put digital research into the context of debates about the future of the humanities and about the relations between disciplines.

Big Data and the Humanities: How digital research, computational techniques and big data contribute to knowledge

Dr Nicholas Cole and Dr Alfie Abdul-Rahman discuss the Quill Project, a software platform developed to aid research and teaching of the history of Parliamentary-style negotiations, and particularuarly the creation of the Constitution of the United States. They will discuss the research problems that the platform was created to address, and the process of building the tools for both data-entry and a diverse readership. We will address the design-choices that we have adopted to encourage a consistent use of the model, and the features that we have built into the platform to facilitate a cooperative relationship with other digital projects. They will discuss the problems of user-interface design for a potential readership that includes high-school students through to subject-domain experts through an analysis of the user requirements and specifications. This talk is aimed at a non-expert audience.

The Quill Project: Modelling and Visualizing the Creation of the American Constitution

Giles Bergel gives a talk on using new technologies to understand the history of books and printing. The first point of access for image collections has traditionally been the catalogue. Recent advances in computer vision and machine learning have opened up new ways of describing, searching and researching the visual record. This talk will outline the state of the art in the field, demonstrate some recent applications, and provide pathways for participants who wish to apply these techniques to their own materials. Giles Bergel is Digital Humanities Research Fellow for the Seebibyte project in the Department of Engineering Sciences at the University of Oxford.

Seeing is Believing: Computer vision and machine learning for image collections

Cristina Dondi and Matilde Malaspina of the 15C BOOKTRADE project, give a talk for the 2017 DHOXSS. Cristina will present 15cV, a powerful tool for the visualization of the movement of fifteenth-century printed books, from the time and place where they were printed to where they are today, via the many places and people who distributed, purchased, owned, and annotated them during the intervening 500-year period. This tool enables unanswered historical queries on the impact of printing on early modern society to be addressed for the first time. Cristina will illustrate how the project is making its visualization possible, and outlines how the project, one of the largest collaborative enterprises in the humanities, was set up and continues to grow. Matilde will present the 15cBOOKTRADE project, a collaboration with the Visual Geometry Group (Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford). This project is testing the application of a series of digital cataloguing and searching methods on fifteenth-century printed images. The work is based on the integrated application of instance-based (i.e. image) and class-based (i.e. text) retrieval. The objective of the collaboration is the creation of a new tool capable of systematically tracking and investigating the production, use, circulation, and copy of woodblocks, iconographic subjects, artistic styles, etc. within fifteenth-century printed illustrated editions.

15cBOOKTRADE: The visualization of the circulation of books over time and space and image-searching tool: how we got there

Panel chaired by Pip Wilcox, with Barbara McGillivray, Megan Senseney and Nicholas Cole.

Encoding and Encoded Texts

Dr Diane Jakacki, Digital Scholarship Coordinator, Faculty Teaching Associate in Comparative Humanities, Bucknell University , gives the opening keynote to the 2017 Digital Humanities at Oxford Seminar School. As humanists we are trained to think across methods while we focus on a particular theoretical or praticable approach to our research. As digital humanists we undertake that same type of training to find a digital method that best helps us ask questions of, analyse, and share our subject matter. At the same time, many of us find ourselves engaged in research projects that are expanding across disciplines and growing in scope, scale, and modes of analysis. Certainly, the prospective of linking data across projects requires that we think about how others might be interested in connecting with our corpora. While it is important that we reach beyond our methodological comfort zone to become conversant in others, it is increasingly crucial that we seek out fellow digital humanists expert in other methods with whom we can effectively collaborate. In this talk, Dr. Jakacki will present examples of major research projects that are possible through such coalescence of skills and approaches.

2017 Opening Keynote: Jack of all Trades, Master of One: the Promise of Intermethodological Collaboration

Isabel Galina, (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) gives the closing keynote for the 2016 Digital Humanities at Oxford Summer School. For over a decade now Open Access (OA) has fundamentally changed the way scholarly publishing works. In the Digital Humanities (DH) the development of new types of scholarly publications in the form of digital projects presents an interesting scenario for the continuation of the OA movement. In this talk I will discuss how DH projects disrupt traditional scholarly communication and publishing systems, focusing on the role of authors, editors, publishers and libraries and how as digital humanists we contribute to shaping these new systems through the various roles we assume in DH project development. Additionally, I will discuss how these new DH publishing models may also serve to increase geographical and linguistic diversity in our field. Currently research and researchers from peripheral countries are sorely underrepresented in international scholarly publishing. Viewing DH as a transformative motor in academia gives us the opportunity to propose new models that adequately incorporate digital scholarly output on a global scale and increase the visibility of countries on the periphery little favoured by the traditional scholarly publishing model.

Closing Keynote: Open Access and Digital Humanities – Opening up to the World

Pip Wilcox, Curator of Digital Special Collections, Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, gives a talk for the 2016 DHOXSS on Shakespeare's First Folio, held by the Bodleian.

Tales of the Bodleian's First Folio

Maria Telegina, (Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford) gives a talk for the 2016 Digital Humanities at Oxford Summer School. The history of graph (network) theory (GNT) started with an attempt to find a single walking path, which crosses, once and only once, each of the seven bridges of old Königsberg; this is known as the Seven Bridges of Königsberg Problem. Since 1736, when Leonhard Euler proved the problem to be unsolvable using a very simple graph, GNT was developed, and it rapidly came to be used in a number of fields. Nowadays, GNT is actively used in a wide variety of disciplines from mathematics and physics to sociology and linguistics, as our world is full of systems, which can be represented and analyzed as networks. The main focus of this talk is a presentation of a network analysis, based on a semantic network constructed on Japanese temporal and spatial lexical items. The network is based on the results of a free word association experiment conducted in Tokyo in 2015. Due to the nature of the material, the network is highly clustered and has a relatively short average path length; in other words, it is a good example of a small world network. As the general framework of GNT, along with some practical information on how to build and analyze a network in R or Gephi will also be presented, the contents of this talk are also relevant to analyses of any system with coupled elements.

Building and Analyzing a Semantic Network

Cristina Dondi, (Modern Languages, University of Oxford) gives a talk for the 2016 Digital Humanities at Oxford Summer School. The five-year ERC-funded 15cBOOKTRADE Project has developed digital tools to investigate, on solid and extensive evidence, the impact of the introduction of printing on early modern society. The Material Evidence in Incunabula is a database specifically designed to record and search the material evidence of 15th-century printed books: ownership, decoration, binding, manuscript annotations, stamps, prices, etc. Locating and dating any of these elements enables the movement of books across Europe and the US to be tracked throughout the centuries, from place of production to the books’ present locations. The TEXT-inc database describes the content of 15th-century editions in great detail and systematically – main and secondary texts, and paratexts. It also identifies the various people involved in the preparation of the editions, to understand the social network surrounding the introduction of printing in Early Modern Europe, and to study the transmission of texts in print. The project is also experimenting with image-matching software applied to 15th-century Venetian illustration, and with the scientific visualisation of data to display the movement of these books over the five-hundred year period of their existence.

An Evidence-based Assessment and Visualization of the Distribution, Sale, and Reception of Books in the Renaissance

Chris Powell, (The Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford) gives a talk for the 2016 Digital Humanities at Oxford Summer School. Institutions like Universities and Museums possess considerable volumes of handwritten personal archives, the content of which may be of research interest. However, these archives remain largely untranscribed and their content unknown. We describe our early investigation of word shape analysis, and particularly the decomposition of those shapes in to graphic motifs, as an assistive technology for the researcher wishing to transcribe entire documents, or to locate likely pages of interest within untranscribed documents.

Graphic Motifs as an Aid to Handwritten Archive Transcription and Searching

The Digital Humanities at Oxford Summer School is the University of Oxford's annual training event for the Digital Humanities. Each delegate follows a week-long workshop and supplements this with additional parallel lectures, which have been filmed as part of this series.